A case series of congenital neck swellings

Congenital neck swellings are diverse group of anomalies present at birth or in 1st or 2nd decade of life, resulting from developmental defects during embryogenesis. These swellings may arise from remnants of the branchial apparatus, thyroglossal duct, lymphatic system or vascular malformations. Common entities include thyroglossal duct cysts, branchial cleft anomalies, cystic hygromas (lymphangiomas), dermoid cysts and vascular malformations. Though many lesions are benign, they may present with cosmetic deformity or infection. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management and to prevent complications or recurrence. A total of 5 patients, clinically diagnosed as congenital neck swellings were included. Detailed history and clinical examination were performed for all patients. Diagnostic investigations such as USG and CT/MRI were undertaken. All patients underwent surgical excision of the swelling with appropriate technique based on the type and location of the lesion. Histopathological examination was done to confirm the diagnosis. Patients were followed up postoperatively to monitor for complications and recurrence. Congenital neck swellings, though often benign, requires accurate diagnosis and timely surgical intervention. Clinical and radiological findings are often non-specific, making histopathological evaluation crucial for definitive diagnosis. Surgical excision remains the definitive treatment, and histopathology provides the final confirmation. Early identification and appropriate treatment lead to an excellent outcome with no recurrence.