Factors affecting glycemic control among patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Rajkot: a cross-sectional study

Background: Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly growing public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries like India. Despite advancements in treatment modalities, achieving optimal glycemic control remains a major challenge due to multiple influencing factors. The present study aimed to assess factors affecting glycemic control among patients with T2DM attending selected hospitals in Rajkot. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study. A total of 70 participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview schedule, the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ), and biophysical measurements. Results: The findings revealed that a majority (87%) of participants had poor glycemic control. Significant factors influencing glycemic control included socio-demographic variables (age, education, and income), clinical factors (duration of diabetes and presence of co-morbidities) and behavioural factors including dietary control, physical activity, and medication adherence. Family support was also found to play a crucial role in diabetes management. Conclusions: The study concludes that glycemic control is influenced by multiple socio-demographic, clinical, and lifestyle-related variables. Strengthening patient education, promoting self-management practices, and enhancing family involvement are essential to improve glycemic outcomes among T2DM patients.