A preterm infant with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH stage 2), central nervous system injury and hydrocephalus: case report and literature review

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a type of bleeding in newborns that occurs after germinal matrix hemorrhage. The aim of this report is to determine the causes and pathologies associated with HIV and the postoperative outcomes with conventional or surgical management, based on bleeding findings through neurographic diagnostic means and care in the intensive care unit (ICU) during the development of the disease. A spontaneously born premature infant at 27 weeks gestation, delivered in cephalic presentation, was admitted to the emergency department with ruptured membranes and two umbilical cord entanglements. There was no spontaneous breathing. Resuscitation was performed in the delivery room with mask ventilation for 1 minute and intubation for 2 minutes. Surfactant replacement therapy was administered with positive results. The Apgar score was 3/4/5, and weight was 1190 g. The infant was transferred to the NICU for further care and monitoring. A premature infant was transferred to the neonatal unit at 1 month and 14 days of age (33 weeks gestation) in moderate condition due to respiratory distress; oxygen dependence due to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); neurological symptoms, including central nervous system depression syndrome due to hypoxic-hemorrhagic CNS damage; and ventriculomegaly.