Awareness regarding the effect of passive smoking among adults: a cross-sectional study

Background: Passive smoking is a major public health concern that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality among non-smokers. Despite increasing awareness campaigns, adults often underestimate the health risks of passive smoke exposure. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness regarding the effects of passive smoking among adults, to examine the association between awareness and selected demographic variables, and to develop and distribute an educational leaflet to enhance awareness. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 adults attending the Outpatient Department of a selected hospital in Thalassery. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling technique, and informed consent was obtained prior to the data collection. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire consisting of two sections: demographic variables and awareness-related items. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to assess the level of awareness and to determine its association with selected variables. Results: Findings revealed that the level of awareness regarding the health hazards of passive smoking varied among participants. A statistically significant association was observed between the level of awareness and educational status as well as previous exposure to educational programs on smoking-related health risks. Conclusions: The findings of this cross-sectional study highlight the need for sustained public health education to enhance adult awareness of the harmful effects of passive smoking. Despite existing knowledge, gaps remain, necessitating targeted educational interventions. Integrating structured health education strategies into routine public health programs may promote preventive behaviours, reduce exposure to passive smoking, and ultimately improve overall community health outcomes.