Management of Keratoconus – Current perspective in this era: A review article

This review aims to provide an updated overview of keratoconus management. The objectives are: (1) to explain diagnostic classifications, (2) to discuss conservative and surgical treatments, and (3) to summarize new and emerging therapies.Keratoconus is a bilateral and slowly progressive disorder of cornea that is characterized by cornea thinning and protrusion. Keratoconus is the most common corneal primary ectasia. It leads to astigmatism, decreased visual acuity, and in advanced keratoconus can be complicated with acute hydrops and scarring. Detecting keratoconus in its earliest stages was difficult in the previous era but the emergence of cornea imaging and mapping technology in centres nowadays has helped in early detection of keratoconus. Management aims to stop and slow the progression of cornea thinning. The management of keratoconus varies from conservative management (non-surgical) such as avoidance of eye rubbing, treating ocular allergy, glasses, and wearing contact lenses. Surgical management includes cornea cross-linking (CXL), intracorneal stromal rings (ICRS), phakic intraocular lens implantation, and keratoplasty. This review study aims to provide the latest update and current perspective on the keratoconus management mentioned. Articles were reviewed through Pubmed, Ovid, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. The latest relevant articles were included in this article review.