Radiology in the service of justice: The role of imaging in forensic science

Background: Forensic radiology is an emerging field leveraging MRI, CT, and X-rays for non-invasive legal investigations, evolving from 1896 bullet detection to modern virtopsy as culturally sensitive autopsy alternativesObjective: This narrative review examines forensic radiology applications, technological advancements, and challenges through PubMed/Scopus literature.Key Applications: Post-mortem CT provides 3D skeletal/soft tissue visualization for human identification (dental radiographs, frontal sinuses, implants), age estimation (hand/wrist X-rays, clavicle CT, dental development), trauma analysis (fractures, hemorrhages), and foreign body detection in disasters/abuse casesEmerging Technologies: AI/machine learning enhances fracture detection (>90% accuracy), postmortem interval estimation, facial reconstruction, and workflow efficiency via deep learning CNNsChallenges & Future: Despite training gaps and protocol needs, AI-driven imaging promises standardized, efficient, respectful forensics globally.