Helminthes co-infection with plasmodium species (malaria) in HIV positive pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria

Introduction: Co-infection is the simultaneous infection of a host by multiple pathogens.Aim & Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, parasitemia load, and risk factors of helminths and malaria co-infection in HIV-positive pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy.Materials and Methods: Conducted at Faith-Alive Hospital's antenatal clinic in Jos, Nigeria, this cross-sectional study involved HIV-positive pregnant women. Participants completed a structured questionnaire, and stool and blood samples were collected for analysis.Results: Among 206 participants, helminth infections had a prevalence of 25.2%, malaria was present in 50%, and co-infection occurred in 13.6%. Helminth infections were less common in women on antiretroviral therapy, while single malaria infections were more prevalent. A significant association was found between co-infection and both viral load and CD4 count (p ≤ 0.05). Notably, educational and employment status, along with practices like hand washing and wearing shoes, were protective against helminth and malaria infections.Conclusion: Pregnancy significantly influences helminth and malaria parasitemia, with specific socioeconomic and hygiene practices reducing the risk of infection.