Comparative analysis of hematological, serological, and histopathological changes in BALB/c Mice experimentally infected with Echinococcus granulosus

Background: Cystic echinococcosis is a significant zoonotic disease. A reliable animal model is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis and evaluating new therapeutic strategies.Aim & Objective: This study aimed to establish a murine model of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and conduct a comparative analysis of the hematological, serological, and histopathological changes induced by experimental infection with Echinococcus granulosus in BALB/c mice.Materials and Methods: Thirty BALB/c mice were divided into control and infected groups. The infected group received an intraperitoneal injection of approximately 2000 viable E. granulosus protoscolices. After 4-6 months, blood samples were collected for complete blood count (CBC), liver enzyme assessment (ALT, AST, ALP, Bilirubin), oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, GSH, CAT), and E. granulosus Antigen B (EgAgB) levels. Liver and lung tissues were harvested for histopathological examination.Results: Infected mice exhibited significant hematological alterations, including leukocytosis, eosinophilia, microcytic hypochromic anemia, and thrombocytosis. Serum levels of liver enzymes, bilirubin, and MDA were significantly elevated, while antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, and CAT) were depleted. EgAgB levels were markedly higher in the infected group. Histopathological analysis confirmed severe tissue damage in the liver and lungs, featuring cyst formation, necrosis, vacuolation, and intense inflammatory infiltration.Conclusion: Experimental infection of BALB/c mice with E. granulosus successfully recapitulates key systemic pathophysiological features of CE, including anemia, liver dysfunction, oxidative stress, and significant organ damage. This validates the model's utility for future research on disease mechanisms and treatment interventions.