Impact of musculoskeletal discomforts and nutritional imbalance in pregnant women: A systematic review

Pregnancy-related physical and hormonal changes often lead to musculoskeletal pain and nutritional deficiencies. This systematic review analysed over 200 articles to identify common issues and evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy and nutritional interventions. Findings show that 68.33% of pregnant women experience musculoskeletal discomfort, with shoulder–neck pain common in the first trimester and low back and pelvic girdle pain more prevalent later. Prenatal exercises and posture care were effective in reducing pain, while nutritional counselling supported overall maternal health. A combined physiotherapy and nutrition-based approach is recommended for managing pregnancy-related discomfort.