Role of exosomes in periodontal regeneration

Exosomes have emerged as potent biological mediators with critical functions in intercellular communication, delivering proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that regulate inflammatory regulation, immunological modulation, tissue repair, and regeneration. Their intrinsic biocompatibility, stability, and ability to carry therapeutic cargo highlight their potential in advanced therapeutics, while their ability to mirror the physiological and pathological condition of their parent cells makes them useful in diagnostics. In the field of periodontology, exosomes provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of periodontal disease-where host immunological dysfunction, dysbiosis, and tissue death are regulated by exosomal signalling between pathogens, immune cells, and periodontal tissues.