Does the material affect the stress distribution on an orthodontic mini-implant?: A finite element analysis

Aim: To compare the stress distribution on an orthodontic mini implant made of three different mini-implant materials when used for direct anchorage during anterior retraction in a Finite Element Model. Materials and Methods:A Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of maxillary arch was used to generate a 3 Dimensional model.The position of the mini-implant was planned between the roots of the second premolar and first molar to provide anchorage for anterior retraction.The force levels were simulated at 250g per side.Three Finite element models were generated for the use of different mini implant materials-I: Titanium (Ti6Al4V), II: Stainless steel, III: Magnesium alloy (WE43 alloy).Stresses in the implant structure were evaluated using a Finite Element Model for the three materials.Results: The greatest stress in mini implant structure was observed in Stainless Steel implants (19.73 MPa), followed by Titanium implants (17.85 MPa), and the least stress noted in Magnesium implants (14.81 MPa).Additionally, Stainless steel showed highest material stiffness, and Magnesium showed highest flexibility among the three materials.Conclusion: The simulation of stresses within a mini implant structure using Finite Element Modelling allows a standardized prediction of biomechanical outcomes.Further clinical and invitro studies can correlate the findings of this simulation.