Quality of life dynamics in Class I, II, and III malocclusions during fixed orthodontic treatment- A prospective evaluation using malocclusion-related quality of life questionnaire

Background: Malocclusion can negatively influence an individual’s everyday activities, psychological well-being, and self-confidence. Fixed orthodontic treatment has the potential to affect quality of life (QoL), with the degree of impact varying according to the type of malocclusion and the stage of treatment.Aim: To evaluate and compare malocclusion-related quality of life using the Malocclusion-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (MRQoLQ) among patients with Angle’s Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions at different stages of fixed orthodontic treatment.Materials and Methods: The study included 138 patients between 13 and 25 years of age, with 46 participants in each malocclusion group (Class I, Class II, and Class III). MRQoLQ was administered at three time points: T0 (pre-treatment), T1 (1 month after treatment initiation), and T2 (post alignment and levelling). Domains assessed included Psychological Impact, Socioeconomic Factors, Orthodontic Self-Confidence, Social Impact, and Functional Impact.Results: All groups showed significant improvement in Quality of Life from T0 to T2, especially in psychological and social domains. Functional difficulties increased at T1 but improved by T2. Class II patients experienced the highest initial impact and greatest improvement. Class III patients showed more early treatment challenges.Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of understanding patient perceptions and integrating psychological support during treatment. Further studies with extended follow-up are recommended.