Diabetes mellitus: Clinical characteristics, glycemic outcomes, and insights from recent therapeutic trials - research study

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise globally, prompting exploration of newer glucose-lowering therapies and evidence from emerging clinical trials.Objective: To evaluate glycemic control patterns among adults with T2DM and compare the effectiveness of two therapeutic strategies using a dataset, while integrating insights from recent landmark trials (SURPASS, FLOW, SELECT, and Inpefa outcomes).Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of n = 220 adults with T2DM was conducted using hypothetical clinical and biochemical data. Participants were randomized into two 24-week intervention arms: Arm A: Metformin + GLP-1RA and Arm B: Metformin + SGLT2 inhibitor. Statistical analyses included t-tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression.Results: Mean baseline HbA1c was 8.9 ± 1.4%. After 24 weeks, Arm A showed a greater HbA1c reduction (–1.8%) compared to Arm B (–1.2%, p = 0.02). Weight reduction was significantly superior in Arm A (–4.6 kg vs –2.1 kg, p < 0.001). Logistic regression showed GLP-1RA therapy independently predicted achievement of HbA1c