Sex differences in retinal neurovascular changes in type 1 diabetes without retinopathy
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the sex-specific correlation between systemic factors and retinal neurovascular alterations in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who do not exhibit signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS: A cohort participant without DR diagnosed with T1DM, underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation, optical coherence tomography angiography retinal structural and microvascular density analysis, and systemic parameter assessment. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the impact of systemic parameters on retinal alterations in distinct gender groups. RESULTS: A total of 182 individuals were included, consisting of 85 males (mean age 23.28±12.75y) and 97 females (mean age 22.98±13.68y). Males exhibited significantly greater thickness in both the internal retinal layer and the entire retina compared to females (P
Fields of Study & Subjects
Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Retinopathy of Prematurity Studies
Publication details
- Journal / source
- International Journal of Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO Press)
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 509–516
- Publication date
- 12 February 2026
- Language
- EN