Waste Management Model for Personal Care Products Based on Reverse Logistics in Sustainable Supply Chains

Waste management of personal care products in Indonesia faces complex issues.The widely single-use nature of product packaging results in resource inefficiency and environmental pollution, contaminating soil and water due to its non-biodegradable properties.With limited landfills, increasing environmental impacts, and long-term risks to human health, effective waste management has become an urgent strategy to mitigate environmental pollution.This study aims to design a strategic framework for personal care product waste management improve supply chain sustainability in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector.The research began with the study of the supply chain from the perspective of reverse logistics and then developed a structural model to represent interlinkages among driving factors.A mixedmethods approach, integrating qualitative exploration and quantitative validation, was employed to derive a representative model.The data analysis using the integrated DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC method provided a hierarchical structure of the relationships between factors.The findings indicate that all the factors considered have influence in the management of personal care products' waste in the reverse logistics process.The three most crucial factors that are revealed to be significant for policymakers are Recycling Infrastructure and Technology (IT), Consumer Participation (CP), and Communication, Information, and Education (CIE).Optimizing these three crucial factors can heighten the development of a more effective, environmentally friendly, and economically advantageous reverse logistics system.Thus, this approach not only helps in the removal of waste but also supports the longterm sustainability of supply chain performance.