A randomized controlled trial on the effects of specialized nursing based on cognitive behavioral intervention on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Background: Patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma often experience anxiety, depression, and other negative emotions, which not only affect treatment compliance but also significantly reduce their quality of life. Exploring effective nursing intervention strategies to improve patients’ psychological state and enhance prognostic levels has become an important issue in clinical practice. Objective: To investigate the effects of specialized nursing based on cognitive behavioral intervention on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, providing evidence-based support for clinical nursing interventions. Methods: A single-center, parallel-group, open-label randomized controlled trial design was used from January 2022 to December 2023 in the Hematology Department of Chengdu Shang Jin Nan Fu Hospital. A total of 128 diagnosed patients were recruited and randomly assigned into an experimental group and a control group according to the random number table method, with 64 cases in each group. On the basis of routine nursing, the experimental group received cognitive behavioral intervention, including group lectures, individual follow-up, and relaxation training, for 12 weeks. Anxiety, depression, and quality of life were assessed at pre-intervention (T0), 6 weeks of intervention (T1), 12 weeks of intervention (T2), and 3 months after the end of the intervention (T3). Results: There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two groups in terms of anxiety, depression, and quality of life scores at baseline. At 6 weeks (T1), 12 weeks (T2), and 3 months after the end of the intervention (T3), the experimental group had significantly lower anxiety and depression scores than the control group (t test, P < 0.01) and significantly higher quality of life scores than the control group (t test, P < 0.01). Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant time × group effect for anxiety, depression, and quality of life (P < 0.001), indicating that the trend of improvement in emotional state and quality of life in the intervention group was significantly better than that in the control group. Conclusion: Specialized nursing based on cognitive behavioral intervention can significantly improve anxiety and depression in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and continuously enhance their quality of life. This provides an important reference for optimizing and promoting clinical nursing models for this population.