Thermal and Solutal Transport of Nanofluid in Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Stretching Sheet with Forchheimer Resistance and Ohmic Effects

This research investigates the behavior of velocity, thermal, and concentration fields in a 3D nanofluid flow induced by a nonlinearly extending surface, considering the influence of Forchheimer resistance and Ohmic heating. Using the proper similarity modifications, the governing partial differential equations are simplified to a group of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These dimensionless boundary value problems are solved numerically using Maple software. Graphical analyses are conducted in order to demonstrate the implications of key parameters, including the Forchheimer number (fr), Prandtl number(pr), thermophoresis parameter (Nt), and Brownian motion parameter (Nb), on the flow velocity, temperature distribution, and nanoparticle concentration. The numerical results show good agreement with previously published studies under specific limiting cases, validating the current formulation. The outcomes of this study enhance the understanding of nanofluid transport phenomena and are relevant to numerous engineering and industrial applications such as thermal management systems, energy conversion devices, and material manufacturing processes. Major Findings: The study investigates the characteristics of flow, thermal and concentration over Darcy-Forchheimer nonlinear stretching sheet. Additionally, it is noted that when the stretching rate ratio (λ) grows, the velocity in the x-direction decreases and increases along the y-direction, whereas when the Forchheimer parameter (Fr) increases, the velocity in the x-direction increases and decreases along the y-direction. Temperature increases for the increasing parameters Heat component (A), Element of thermophoresis (Nt), Schmidt number (Sc) and drops for Prandtl number (Pr) and Brownian motion parameter (Nb).