In Vivo Anti-ulcerative Colitic and Mucosal Healing Efficacy of Mimosa pudica Root with Biochemical, Oxidative, Histopathological, and IL-10 Correlates

Background: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disorder primarily affecting the colonic mucosa. Despite advancements in immunosuppressive and biologic therapies, current pharmacological interventions are often limited due to adverse effects, limited efficacy, and high relapse rates. Aim: Mimosa pudica Linn., traditionally indicated for conditions resembling UC (such as Pravahika and Raktatisara), possesses anti-inflammatory, astringent, and mucosal healing properties. Methods: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of M. pudica Linn. root powder in TNBS-induced model of ulcerative colitis in rats, focusing on clinical, biochemical, immunological (notably IL-10), haematological and histopathological markers. UC was induced in albino rats via intrarectal administration of TNBS (50 mg/kg). Animals were categorised into three groups: Normal Control, Disease Control, and Treatment Group (M. pudica Linn. root powder at 360 mg/kg orally for 10 days post-induction). Parameters assessed included Disease Activity Index (DAI), body weight, colon weight/length ratio, haematological markers, oxidative stress indicators (MPO, MDA, NO, GSH), anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and histopathological scoring. Results: Mimosa pudica Linn. -treated rats showed significant clinical improvement as reflected by reduced DAI scores, preserved body weight, and normalised colon architecture. Biochemical assays revealed suppressed MPO, NO, and MDA levels alongside a marked decrease in IL-10 compared to the values into treatment group and an increase in GSH, indicating a dual anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism. Histopathological examination confirmed mucosal regeneration, crypt recovery, and reduced leukocyte infiltration. Conclusion: Mimosa pudica Linn. exhibited potent anti-colitic effects through immunomodulatory (IL-10 mediated), antioxidative, and epithelial regenerative mechanisms. These support its traditional use and integration into contemporary ulcerative colitis management. Major Findings: Mimosa pudica Linn. root powder demonstrated a disease-modifying effect in experimental ulcerative colitis by simultaneously targeting inflammation, redox imbalance, and mucosal integrity. The convergence of immunomodulatory and epithelial-restorative actions supports its role as a multi-pathway therapeutic candidate rather than a purely symptomatic intervention.