On the Spiritual Meanings of M. Yu. Lermontov’s Poem “Borodino”

Aim . To reveal the spiritual idea that became a source of sense and pathos of the Mikhail Lermontov’s poem “Borodino.” Methodology. The creative and literary sources on writing of the final text about Battle of Borodino (1937) are revealed, the comparative analyses of their historical and artistic context is given, the structural and thematic features of the poems “The Field of Borodino” and “Borodino” are defined, the thoughts about character and reasons of the changes and deepening of ideal and artistic components of the topmost text are advanced. The building components of the poem (strophe, language, idea) are identified. The literary-historical, comparative, textual methods are applied. Results. The source-based approach to the poem “Borodino” is accomplished, the process of creation of the text (the focus of attention of the theme, historical perspectives, the system of lyrical subjects, strophic organization, national and spiritual ideas) is analyzed. Research implications. The data of literary-historical character of the Mikhail Lermomtov’s interest to the battle literature (Homer, Lomonosov, Scott, Byron), the process of work on the theme from the Moscow’s to Petersburg’s periods of poet artistic life are introduced to scientific use, as well as poetical statements, methodical ways of revealing of spiritual ideas in artistic text are being worked out.