Global Warming and Renewable Energy: Indonesia's Efforts in Implementing the Clean Development Mechanism

Global warming, driven by the rise in greenhouse gas emissions, has become a serious threat to the sustainability of life on Earth. National development policies that prioritize economic growth often overlook environmental aspects, thereby exacerbating the global climate crisis. This paper explores the interconnection between sustainable development, the greenhouse effect, and emission mitigation strategies, with a focus on Indonesia’s role in reducing emissions through the development of renewable energy and the implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as part of the Kyoto Protocol. By utilizing its renewable energy potential, such as hydropower and geothermal energy, Indonesia has the opportunity to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and curb carbon emissions. However, these efforts face various technical, institutional, and economic challenges. A synergy between national policies, technological investment, and international cooperation is essential to ensure an effective and sustainable transition toward low-carbon development.