Communication Protocol and Network Deployment Design for Wireless Sensor Network

A wireless sensor network design is tailored for the structural health monitoring of largescale civil infrastructure in this study.To address the challenge of power management in remote deployments, we integrated advanced sensor technology with a hierarchical network architecture.In the experiment, we implemented an improved low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol to enhance data fidelity and operational longevity.The protocol requires high-precision sensor integration, including ADXL202E accelerometers with a thermal sensitivity of 2 mg/°C for real-time drift compensation.The results demonstrate that the improved LEACH protocol extends the network lifetime to 394 rounds, a 23% improvement over traditional schemes.Furthermore, the design achieves a 42% reduction in energy imbalance among nodes, effectively preventing the premature failure of critical hotspot sensors.The results contribute a scalable, high-fidelity solution for long-term structural monitoring by harmonizing sensor-level calibration with network-level energy optimization.