Spain’s migration policy towards the Maghreb countries at the present stage (on the example of Morocco and Algeria)

As part of migration processes from Africa and the Middle East to Europe, the route through the Western Mediterranean has gained popularity in recent years. In this regard, the relationship between Spain and the Maghreb countries in terms of migration is strategically important. This article identifies the main immigration routes to Spain from the Maghreb based on statistical data from recent years. The innovations of 2025 in migration legislation are given. The main document introducing significant changes in the field of migration was Royal Decree No. 1155/2024 dated 11/19/2024. The analysis showed that at the present stage, the priority for Spain is to ensure border security through cooperation with Morocco and Algeria both within the framework of the European Union and within the framework of an independent foreign policy.