Forms of advanced training of teachers in the Caucasus at the end of the XIX – early XX century: From short-term courses to pedagogical congresses

The article is devoted to thestudy of forms of advanced training of teachers in the Caucasus in the late XIX – early XXcenturies. Thestudy analyzes the vector of their changes from short-term courses to pedagogical congresses. When writing an article, historical-comprehensive and problem-chronological methods were used, which allowed to trace the dynamics of the development of forms of advanced training of teachers in the Caucasus in the late XIX-early XX centuries. A source analysis of archival documents and publications in periodicals was also used. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that on the material of the Caucasian training district an attempt was made to a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the forms of advanced training of teachers in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. The author concludes that it was the combination of short-term courses and pedagogical congresses that ensured the transition from temporary measures to prepare personnel to a sustainable professional development system of teachers.