The Effect of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Stem Extract Diffuser on the Growth of Airborne Mold in Class III Inpatient Rooms

Background: Nosocomial infections pose a significant risk in hospitals, with fungi accounting for 14.7% of cases. Patients in Class III inpatient rooms are particularly vulnerable due to low immunity. Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) stem contains antifungal terpenoids like citronellal (84.4%), offering a potential intervention. Objective: To determine the effect of a kaffir lime stem extract diffuser on airborne fungal growth in Class III inpatient rooms. Methods: An experimental pre-post test-only group design was employed. Sixteen sample groups were used: 4 negative controls and 12 treatment groups exposed to diffused extract at concentrations of 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% for 55, 110, and 165 minutes. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA. Results: A significant reduction in fungal colony count was observed, influenced by both extract concentration (p=0.048) and exposure duration (p=0.000). Post Hoc Bonferroni analysis identified 25% concentration and 165 minutes of exposure as the optimal parameters. Predominant fungi identified were Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus spp., and Candida albicans. Conclusion: Diffusing kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) stem extract significantly inhibits the growth of airborne mold in Class III inpatient rooms, with concentration and exposure time being critical factors. The extract has potential for the prevention of nosocomial infections.