Beyond Manual Handling: A Multifaceted Approach to Preventing Low Back Pain in Logistics Workers

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability and economic loss in the logistics sector, primarily due to high physical demands and ergonomic risks. Objective: This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on the risk factors, impacts, and effective interventions for LBP among logistics workers. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between 2020-2025. Thirty studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for qualitative synthesis. Results: The primary risk factors for LBP were identified as biomechanical strain (heavy lifting, awkward postures), psychosocial stress, and individual factors. LBP was found to significantly reduce productivity and incur substantial costs. Effective interventions included ergonomic modifications and mechanical aids, passive exoskeletons, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for pain management. A holistic approach addressing both the work environment and the worker was deemed most effective. Conclusion: LBP in logistics is a complex problem with significant consequences. A multifaceted prevention strategy integrating ergonomics, assistive technology, and psychological support is essential to reduce its prevalence and impact. Companies should invest in comprehensive ergonomic programs and multidisciplinary collaboration to safeguard worker health and productivity.