Digital Technology as a Tool for Fulfilling Women's Rights: A Legal Analysis of Online Gender-based Violence (OGBV) Within the Framework of SDG 5

The digital era has not only expanded social interactions but also significantly increased the prevalence of online gender-based violence (OGBV) in Indonesia. This trend indicates a regulatory gap between existing policies and SDG 5 targets for gender equality. To address the gap, a more gender-responsive legal framework is needed to protect women’s rights in the digital space. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the legal framework for the protection of women rights from OGBV in the context of digital technology. The correlation between OGBV regulations and SDG 5 targets toward the achievement of gender equality was also evaluated. Normative juridical research was carried out using conceptual, statute, and case approaches as analysis methods. The results showed that the legal framework of Indonesia, through the constitution, Sexual Violence Criminal Law, Human Rights Law, Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and Pornography Law, protects against OGBV, but only about 18% of reports are processed and less than 6% lead to punishment, suggesting the need for regulatory revisions, improvement of digital forensic capacity, and social support to reduce revictimization and strengthen the effectiveness of protection. In conclusion, Indonesia’s regulations on OGBV support targets almost all of SDG 5 and provide a legal framework for the prevention, handling, and recovery of victims, although the effectiveness is still limited. This indicates the importance of harmonization with international standards (CEDAW, Istanbul Declaration) and the application of due diligence on digital platforms.