Anatomical Variations of Celiac Artery: A Scoping Review on the Embryological Basis, Radiological Identification, and Clinical Implications

Background: The celiac artery, as the first main anterior branch of the abdominal aorta, plays a pivotal role in supplying arterial blood to vital upper abdominal organs. Traditionally described as trifurcating into the splenic, left gastric, and common hepatic arteries, this textbook configuration is not consistently observed in clinical or cadaveric studies. Increasing access to high-resolution imaging and careful anatomical dissections has highlighted the diversity in celiac artery branching patterns. These variations, while often asymptomatic, carry significant implications for surgical, radiologic, and interventional procedures. Methods: This scoping review aims to provide a detailed, structured exploration of variations in celiac artery anatomy, with emphasis on prevalence across populations, recognized classification systems, embryological development, and associated vascular anomalies. The article also aims to connect theoretical knowledge with applied anatomical relevance, especially for clinicians, radiologists, and surgeons. Special attention is given to the radiological identification of these variants and the importance of recognizing them during surgical planning. Results: Understanding variations in the celiac artery is essential for anatomy researchers and clinicians alike. These deviations from the classic branching pattern are not merely academic curiosities but also have real-world consequences, particularly in hepatobiliary surgery, organ transplantation, and interventional radiology. By integrating embryological insights, validated prevalence data, and current classification frameworks, this review reinforces the anatomical complexity of the upper abdominal vasculature. Conclusion: Knowledge of these patterns supports safer surgical approaches, enhances diagnostic accuracy, and underscores the necessity of thorough anatomical education in medical training.