Evaluation of serum ADA level in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient and its correlation with Glycosylated hemoglobin in a tertiary centre of North India

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance, reduced production of insulin, and systemic inflammation. Latest studies suggest a link between adenosine deaminase (ADA), an immunomodulatory enzyme, and metabolic dysfunction and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(1,2,4) . Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Sarojini Naidu Medical College (SNMC), Agra. The study included 150 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in whom serum ADA and HbA1c levels were evaluated and correlated using SPSS for statistical analysis, including logistic regression and Spearman's correlation. A p-value below 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study showed a significant link between HbA1c and fasting glucose (r = 0.81, p < 0.001) and between ADA and HbA1c (r = 0.72, p < 0.001). Subjects having inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%), prolonged diabetes duration, obesity, dyslipidemia, smoking, and systemic hypertension demonstrated significantly elevated levels of ADA. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) also had a negative correlation with HDL (r = −0.22) and a positive correlation with total cholesterol levels (r = 0.34) and total triglyceride levels (r = 0.41). Conclusion: In patients with T2DM, serum ADA levels show a significant positive correlation with HbA1c levels, indicating that ADA levels can be judiciously used as a biomarker in the assessment of glycemic control, inflammation, and metabolic stress, as well as in monitoring the progression of the disease and guiding customised care for diabetes management. ADA levels can be a cost-effective addition in monitoring and guiding treatment protocols in diabetic patients(5,6) . Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Adenosine Deaminase, HbA1c, Glycemic Control, Biomarker, Inflammation, Metabolic Dysfunction