PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND AGING: TRENDS, CONSEQUENCES, AND INTERVENTIONS IN INDIVIDUALS OVER 65 YEARS

Older adults are increasingly vulnerable to the physiological and psychological effects of psychoactive substances, often abusing alcohol, medications, or combinations of substances as coping mechanisms in response to loss, retirement, chronic illness, and social transitions. Alcohol remains the most widely used psychoactive substance, with a significant increase in alcohol-related disorders among those over 65 years of age. Treating substance abuse in later life requires a multidisciplinary and integrated approach that combines pharmacological care with psychosocial interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, brief interventions, case management, and family support. Despite this need, specialized services and prevention programs for older adults remain limited. This article offers an original interdisciplinary contribution by integrating international empirical evidence and theoretical models from social work and public health perspectives. It systematizes age-specific risk factors such as polypharmacy, chronic diseases, social isolation and stigma and identifies personalized psychosocial interventions for people over 65 years of age. The article proposes a model for integrated psychosocial interventions, age-appropriate and applicable to professional practice, developed by the author. The model can serve as a conceptual basis for the development of policies in the prevention and treatment of substance abuse among the older population.