RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ASSET CONFISCATION SYSTEM IN ENFORCING CORRUPTION CRIMES IN INDONESIA: A HYBRID MODEL BASED ON STRENGTHENING THE AUTHORITY OF PROSECUTORS

Corruption is an extraordinary crime that threatens economic stability and the integrity of state institutions in Indonesia. Eradication efforts are not sufficient by simply punishing perpetrators, but must be accompanied by recovery of state financial losses through asset forfeiture mechanisms. However, the current Indonesian criminal justice system , which is based on the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), shows significant limitations in realizing effective asset forfeiture. This article examines these problems through normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The analysis shows that the existing legal framework is retributive, limits confiscation to evidence only, and creates a legal vacuum due to the lack of ratification of the Asset Forfeiture Bill. Consequently, the rate of recovery of state assets from corruption crimes remains very low. As a solution, this article offers a novelty in the form of a reconstruction of the concept of asset forfeiture through a hybrid legal model that integrates criminal ( in personam ) and civil/administrative ( in rem ) asset forfeiture in the form of Non-Conviction Based (NCB) Asset Forfeiture . The implementation of this model is supported by the strengthening of the role of the Prosecutor as the holder of control of the case ( dominus litis ), who is given discretionary authority to choose the most effective path for asset recovery. This reconstruction is based on progressive legal theory and the theory of legal effectiveness to achieve substantive justice and maximize the recovery of state assets.