ASSESSMENT OF COCOA CROP YIELD UNDER IRRIGATION WITH THREE TYPES OF SPRINKLERS IN FIELD CONDITIONS

Background: Efficient irrigation plays a crucial role in optimizing water use and improving cacao productivity, especially in regions with limited water availability. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different sprinkler types on irrigation efficiency and cacao yield in the Guayaquil-Balzar area of Ecuador. Methods: Three sprinkler models (Brazo Regulador, Banariego 5022, and Senniger) were assessed based on water distribution efficiency, irrigation time, fuel consumption, cost, and productivity outcomes. Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was calculated using climatic data to determine the ideal irrigation frequency. Results: The ETc was estimated at 3.4 mm/day, and an irrigation frequency of 7 days was recommended. Among the tested sprinklers, the Brazo Regulador demonstrated the highest water distribution efficiency and lowest irrigation time, resulting in better productivity (224 flowers/tree) and lower operational costs. Banariego 5022 followed closely in terms of productivity (197.25 flowers/tree), while the Senniger, although efficient, had lower flower production and higher operational costs due to fuel consumption. Conclusions: The Brazo Regulador sprinkler was identified as the most effective and economical solution, offering an optimal balance between performance, productivity, and cost for cacao irrigation in the study region.