INCLUSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORT POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY IN INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JAKARTA AND SURABAYA

This study aims to determine the efforts of the Jakarta and Surabaya city governments in realizing inclusive public transportation. Considering that Jakarta and Surabaya are metropolitan cities and regions with very rapid urbanization in Indonesia, this study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The choice of qualitative method is adjusted to the research objective, namely, to analyze the research object in depth based on field data obtained from data sources. The results of the study indicate that the government has succeeded in prioritizing accessibility for vulnerable groups, including people with disabilities, the elderly, women, and children, through user-friendly designs such as wheelchair ramps, hydraulic lifts, guiding blocks, and optimal lighting at bus stops. However, there are very significant differences between Jakarta and Surabaya, especially in mobility access and facilities to and within public transportation. Meanwhile, the level of public participation in using public transportation is also very high, with people in Jakarta using public transportation more as an alternative to reduce congestion and air pollution. This is certainly part of the community's ease of mobility. Meanwhile, in Surabaya, the level of public participation is very high due to the innovation of the payment system that not only uses e-money but also uses plastic bottles as travel tickets.