IMPLEMENTATION OF LAW NUMBER 23 OF 2019 ON THE MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL RESOURCES: HUMAN RESOURCE EMPOWERMENT OF INDONESIA’S RESERVE COMPONENT FOR NATIONAL DEFENCE

The management of national resources for defence in Indonesia has been formally strengthened through Law Number 23 of 2019, which institutionalises the reserve component as part of a total defence posture. Human resource empowerment of the reserve component constitutes a decisive condition for readiness because the reserve force is recruited from civilians who remain embedded in labour markets and education systems. This article examines how the legal and regulatory architecture operationalises empowerment of reserve human resources and identifies implementation risks typical of cross-sector programmes. A qualitative document analysis was conducted on the principal statute and key implementing regulations, supported by a thematic synthesis of recent literature on total defence governance and reserve force management. The findings indicate that the framework provides a structured pipeline from voluntary recruitment to basic military training and subsequent refresher training while also specifying protections for employment and education continuity. Implementation vulnerabilities remain concentrated in interagency coordination, employer and university support arrangements, data governance, and sustained incentives for readiness in peacetime. The contribution is delivered through an implementation-oriented reading of the legal framework that links statutory design to practical empowerment mechanisms and performance metrics.