Clinical and physiological characteristics of factors limiting the restoration of impaired functions in patients after cerebral stroke

Stroke remains one of the most disabling and socially significant diseases, which necessitates the development and implementation of comprehensive rehabilitation methods. The main challenges of recovery are associated with a wide range of neurological disorders, including motor dysfunctions, cognitive and psychoemotional disorders, and sleep disorders in patients after a stroke. Motor disorders have differences in development and rehabilitation of upper and lower limbs. Therefore, the recovery of upper limbs is the most complicated problem due to the specifics of the neural organization and features of movement coordination. Most modern methods of neurorehabilitation have proven their efficiency, but the availability of some of the most effective techniques may be limited. Cognitive and psychoemotional disorders, including depression and anxiety, significantly reduce patient motivation and worsen the prognosis for recovery. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and obstructive apnea, also negatively affect the rehabilitation process. Prospects for solving these problems include the development of personalized rehabilitation programs, the integration of cognitive and motor rehabilitation methods, as well as their use to correct the psychoemotional state of patients and various sleep disorders.