Environmental Adaptation in Islamic Architecture: Evaluating the Saheb-Ol-Amr Mosque in the Urban Context of Tabriz

This research aims to assess the level of environmental compatibility in Islamic architecture and conduct a case study of the Saheb-Ol-Amr Mosque in the urban context of Tabriz. The main focus of the research is to identify the architectural elements that have adapted the design of this mosque to the surrounding climatic, cultural, and physical conditions. The main issue of the research is the lack of analytical studies on how Islamic architecture responds to environmental requirements at the urban scale, especially in the case of the Saheb-Ol-Amr Mosque, a building that, despite its historical and cultural significance, has been less studied from an environmental sustainability perspective. In this regard, this research seeks to answer the following questions: 1- What architectural elements and solutions in the design of the Saheb-Ol-Amr Mosque have helped it adapt to the climatic and environmental conditions of Tabriz? 2- How has the Saheb-Ol-Amr Mosque established physical and environmental interaction with its surrounding urban fabric in Tabriz? The research method is qualitative and analytical, and has been conducted through field observation, architectural impressions, and the analysis of historical documents and library resources. Also, contextualist and climatic architecture approaches have been used in data analysis. The research findings show that the design of this mosque, in terms of lighting, natural ventilation, selection of local materials, and spatial arrangement, is highly compatible with Tabriz's climate and has established an effective link with its urban and cultural context. In conclusion, the Saheb-Ol-Amr Mosque is a successful example of coexistence between Islamic architecture and environmental conditions, serving as a model for the design of contemporary religious spaces in similar climates. The important outcome of this research is the revival of forgotten indigenous patterns in line with the development of sustainable urban architecture. The main value of the research lies in its innovative assessment of the environmental compatibility of a less-studied religious building and in its interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of Islamic architecture.