Guru sebagai Formator Spiritual dalam Perspektif Perjanjian Lama dan Implikasinya bagi Pendidikan Agama Kristen

This study examines the concept of the teacher as a spiritual formator within the perspective of the Old Testament and its implications for Christian Religious Education. Using a qualitative library research approach with theological-hermeneutical analysis, the study explores how teaching in the Old Testament is intrinsically connected to the transmission of faith, the preservation of collective memory, and the mediation of the relationship between God and His people. The findings indicate that the teacher is not merely an instructor but a formative agent who embodies values, builds relational learning, and facilitates transformational change in learners. This perspective challenges the reduction of teaching to cognitive and technical functions in modern education. Consequently, Christian Religious Education must be reoriented toward holistic formation that integrates knowledge, character, and spirituality. The study contributes to a deeper theological understanding of the teacher’s role and offers practical insights for developing transformative Christian education.