Dynamics of Social Well-Being in the Rural Population of Russia (2000–2024)

This article presents the results of the analysis of the characteristics and dynamics of social well-being among employed rural residents in the first quarter of the 21st century. The analysis is based on data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE). A significant increase in key indicators of social well-being among employed rural residents was identified, with most reaching their all-time highs by the end of 2024. Satisfaction with their lives in general and with most aspects of life was found to be comparable between employed rural residents and urban residents. Employed rural residents are more satisfied with their housing conditions and the environment, but experience greater dissatisfaction with the material aspects of their lives than urban residents. A decisive role in improving the social well-being of employed rural residents is played by increased satisfaction with their job overall, which is reinforced by equally high rates of satisfaction with working conditions, opportunities for professional growth, and most other aspects of work. Low wages remain the most pressing issue that continually concerns rural workers. In the context of increased labour shortages, rural residents' concerns about job loss have decreased and their confidence in finding employment has increased, despite the fact that throughout the years of monitoring, rural residents have rated this opportunity significantly lower than urban residents. As a result of a significant increase in job satisfaction and overall life satisfaction, the number of rural workers seeking to leave their current jobs for more attractive and promising ones has significantly decreased. The authors argue that the high heterogeneity of rural regions requires a differentiated approach when developing a rural development strategy, taking into account the specific development characteristics, employment structure, and the mentality of the residents. Along with improving rural living standards, engagement of the residents themselves in active transformation of rural areas becomes more a priority.