The use of hydrogen to supply combustion engines – part 1

Hydrogen is applied to supply various internal combustion engines but also to the fuel cells, which are used in various vehicles. The goal of the present study was to review state of art ralative to application of H2 in automotive industry. The reviewy is focused on out-of-engine studies on the effect of H2 combustion process, internal combustion engines supplied with H2 and vehicles utilizing fuel cells. Challenges in applying fuel cells to actual vehicles include limited flexibility in controlling power flow in the PEMFC + B setup, significant power flow losses, complicating the management of energy systems in case of . The PEMFC + B + UC configuration, as well as a low power density of batteries. A drawback of H2 engines is the emission of NOx, which can be lowered by exhaust gas treatment. Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) can be a clean energy alternative to gasoline-powered cars. However, their development depends on H2 fuel availability and more refueling infrastructure.