The progress of special fracturing technology for unconventional natural gas rock reservoirs

This paper systematically reviews the evolution and current state of special fracturing technology. Through comparative analysis of their applicability under various geological conditions, quantitative evaluation of production enhancement performance, and identification of engineering bottlenecks, the study reveals the technical advantages of special fracturing over conventional hydraulic fracturing, particularly in enhancing fracture complexity and controlling reservoir damage. The findings indicate that hybrid fracturing techniques based on energy coupling principles demonstrate significant potential in mitigating stress shadow effects and activating natural fractures in deep reservoirs. To address the current challenges in adapting fracturing technology to deep rock reservoirs, this paper proposes the development of a geoscience-engineering integrated special fracturing system. By integrating multi-physics coupled numerical simulation, intelligent materials, and real-time monitoring technologies, a "green and efficient" fracturing technology matrix tailored to various reservoir characteristics can be established, thereby providing a systematic solution for the safe and low-carbon development of unconventional natural gas resources.