Paradiplomacy of the states of the Austrian Republic in the Alpine region (the example of Salzburg, Tyrol and Vorarlberg)

Importance. In today’s globalized world, paradiplomacy plays a crucial role in shaping state-level foreign policies. Exploring how subnational entities engage externally enhances our comprehension of current geopolitical dynamics. Focusing on Austria, whose federal states (Länder) constitutionally manage external affairs, provides insights into regional diplomatic structures and practices. Specifically examining Salzburg, Tyrol, and Vorarlberg offers fresh perspectives on paradiplomatic interactions. The aim of the study is to determine the mutual influence between the Austrian Länder and the federal center on the development of external relations. Materials and Methods. Case studies analyze collaboration initiatives within Alpine regions and evaluate paradiplomacy’s impact during ethnic conflicts like those in Bolzano. Qualitative content analysis examines official documentation from partnership organizations and project frameworks to assess Länder involvement in interregional collaborations. Results and Discussion. These findings fill gaps in Russian academic literature regarding Austrian Länder diplomacy. Highlighting subnational actor engagement in pan-European processes is critical yet underrepresented in existing Russian scholarship. The conclusions of the work also have practical significance, as the experience accumulated by the Austrian Länder can be creatively rethought and adapted for application within the framework of the regional policy of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. Paradiplomacy mechanisms successfully facilitate transboundary cooperation between Austrian Länder and European Union territories. Efforts of the Austrian Alpine Länder focus on addressing ecological challenges while fostering educational advancement and safeguarding cultural heritage. Each Land demonstrates substantial capacity to shape Austria’s overall foreign relations due to shared interests with adjacent nations. Cooperation across Alpine administrative units remains stable, sustained through ongoing collaborative ventures embedded in long-term strategic partnerships.