Efficacy of Regional Anesthesia Techniques for Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgeries

Background: Lower limb orthopedic surgeries are commonly associated with significant perioperative pain and physiological stress.Regional anesthesia techniques are widely used for these procedures due to their advantages in providing effective anesthesia, stable hemodynamics and prolonged postoperative analgesia.However, local evidence regarding their efficacy and safety in Bangladeshi patients remains limited.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesia at Dhaka Community Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from February to December 2025.A total of 200 adult patients undergoing elective or emergency lower limb orthopedic surgeries under regional anesthesia were included.Various regional anesthesia techniques, including spinal, epidural, combined spinal-epidural and peripheral nerve blocks, were administered according to institutional practice.Data on socio-demographic characteristics, type of surgery, anesthesia technique, efficacy outcomes and anesthesia-related complications were collected.Results: The majority of patients were aged 31-45 years (34%), with a male predominance (64%).Most participants belonged to ASA physical status II (46%).Spinal anesthesia was the most commonly used technique (72%).Adequate sensory and motor blockade was achieved in 92% and 88% of patients, respectively.Hemodynamic stability was maintained in 84% of cases, while only 4% required conversion to general anesthesia.Hypotension (18%) was the most frequent complication.Prolonged postoperative analgesia lasting more than six hours was observed in 73% of patients.Conclusion: Regional anesthesia techniques demonstrated high efficacy and an acceptable safety profile for lower limb orthopedic surgeries in this tertiary care setting, supporting their continued use as a primary anesthetic modality.