Ten-year national trends in the prevalence and outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus in Poland: a population-based study

INTRODUCTION: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders in pregnancy, and its prevalence has been rising worldwide in parallel with increasing maternal age and obesity. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe nationwide 10-year trends in GDM prevalence, management, and perinatal outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, population‑based cohort study including all deliveries recorded in the Polish National Health Fund database from 2015 to 2024. GDM and complications were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes. GDM was diagnosed according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups / World Health Organization 2013 criteria. Maternal age was categorized into 5 groups (