Parkinson’s disease and inflammatory bowel disease: exploring the connection between the two

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by prominent inflammatory features, while inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a typical chronic inflammatory disorder.They share similarities in epidemiological patterns, genetic predispositions, immune mechanisms, and gut microbiota composition. Mounting data support a two-way relationship between gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation and neurodegeneration, aligning with the gut-brain axis framework. Certain therapies for IBD, such as fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics, show potential protective effects for PD and hold promise for application in the treatment of both diseases. In the present review, we explore both supportive and contradictory data derived from epidemiological investigations, while emphasizing recent discoveries regarding the connection between these seemingly unrelated disorders that share genetic susceptibility. This study delves into the role of the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of PD and IBD, with a particular focus on the pivotal roles of gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation. Our analysis aims to offer a new perspective on understanding and exploring the relationship between these diseases.