Toward low-carbon energy transitions: integrated optimization of solar panel output and safety using tracking and thermal management

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems face significant challenges, including low energy conversion efficiency, performance degradation due to overheating, and operational risks from environmental factors such as rainfall and dust. To address these issues, this study presents an innovative solar energy solution aimed at enhancing panel efficiency and operational reliability through mechanical and environmental integration. The system incorporates a Mylar-based reflector to boost solar irradiance, an automated rain protection cover activated by sensors, a dual-axis solar tracking system for continuous sun alignment, and a temperature-controlled cooling system that activates above 35 °C. Implemented on a 20W Mono PERC (Passivated Emitter Rear Cell) panel, the system was tested under real-world conditions. Results showed a cumulative efficiency improvement compared to a conventional fixed panel. The reflector and tracking system contributed most to output gains, while the rain cover and cooling system improved durability and thermal performance. Overall, the integrated system achieved 50%-55% higher energy production than the conventional fixed panel. These findings highlight a cost-effective approach to advance low-carbon energy transitions and promote renewable adoption in semi-arid urban areas.