Nanofluidic neuromorphic iontronics: a nexus for biological signal transduction

Neuromorphic iontronics is an emerging technology based on the sophisticated regulation of ions as signal carriers, demonstrating strong potential in human-machine interaction. Nanofluidic materials exhibit significant advantages in constructing iontronic neuromorphic devices due to their ability to precisely mimic the transport mechanisms of biological ion channels. By synergistically integrating multiple external stimuli, neuromorphic devices that combine perception fusion and memory behaviors are injecting new vitality into the development of artificial intelligence, including computation, neurorobotics, and healthcare. However, this field is still in its infancy and requires robust theoretical foundations, novel computational paradigms, and innovative approaches to functional material design and device integration to advance further. In this Perspective, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in iontronic neuromorphic devices with respect to fabrication, integration, and applications, aiming to illustrate the rapid growth of this field. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future directions, including theoretical models based on ionic properties, neuromorphic signal simulation, and device integration.