Factors contributing to relapse among service users undergoing substance abuse treatment in Kwaggafontein, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

Substance abuse remains a critical global issue with profound social and economic implications, including poverty, crime, unemployment, and chronic health conditions. In marginalised communities across Africa, substance use, and relapse pose persistent challenges, particularly among youth. Despite the availability of rehabilitation services, relapse rates remain high due to various psychosocial and structural factors. This study investigated the underlying causes of relapse among service users who have undergone substance abuse treatment in Kwaggafontein, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Employing a qualitative research method, data were collected through in-depth interviews with service users and social workers from rehabilitation centres (SANCA). The findings revealed that relapse is primarily driven by persistent drug cravings, emotional distress, peer influence, and limited developmental opportunities. These results underscore the urgent need for comprehensive relapse prevention strategies, including community-based education, aftercare programs, life skills development, and sustained emotional and psychological support for substance services users. The study further recommends incorporating stress management techniques such as mindfulness, assertiveness training, and the creation of strong support networks, facilitated by social workers, to enhance long-term recovery outcomes