Sustainable Biomass Briquettes Adoption in Food SMEs: Drivers, Barriers, and Policy Implication in Central Java, Indonesia

The acclimatization of sustainable energy is forthcoming in SMEs to diminish dependence on fossil fuels and promote sustainability. Central Java is endowed with biomass resources and conscientious producers of briquette, but the application of biomass briquettes in food-based SMEs is insignificant. This study examines drivers and barriers through ISM and MICMAC analysis. We reviewed relevant literatures and identified driver and barrier factors, that were further validated by expert panels and confirmed using CVI. We developed a questionnaire based on 16 drivers and 15 barriers that passed the validation test and sought assessment from 11 experts. ISM methodology was used in the depiction of inter-relationships between the factors, while MICMAC was used to identify key drivers and barriers, categorizing factors based on their placement in the quadrant. The finding indicates that governmental regulation and technological development are the ultimate drivers, whereas the lack of special policies and high investment cost are the prominent barriers. The policy strategy involves policy support with regulation, financial incentives, technological development, and institutional cooperation to increase adoption. This study provides practical information to policymakers as well as other stakeholders to spur the utilization of biomass briquettes in food-based SMEs and meet renewable energy and net zero emission objectives.