On the Impacts of Renewable Energy Penetration on the Economic Dispatch and Sustainability of Power Systems

This study investigates the penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the Jordanian Power System (JPS) for the operation of many types of generating units. Several scenarios are analyzed, focusing on unit commitment and economic dispatch within the power system over time. As a special case, we used the JPS (High Voltage 400 kV and 32 kV). We use an economic dispatch and optimization method to minimize fuel cost with variable generation sources (conventional and renewable). Therefore, the load dispatch method is a process for scheduling the required demand among many types of power generation sources. A dedicated methodology is proposed to integrate RES, particularly photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy, to ensure effective management and cost minimization for the entire system. Unlike traditional generation units, most RES facilities are not directly dispatched by grid operators and cannot be controlled precisely. Their output is typically treated as (must-run or must-take generation. This research provides insights into accommodating these RES while maintaining economic sustainability and operational efficiency. Finally, to achieve the optimum Economic Dispatch and Unit Commitment needed for high-RES levels in the JPS, the installation of Energy Storage Systems (ESS), such as BESS or HPSS, is essential. The ESS provides an excellent solution not only for optimizing unit commitment but also for significantly enhancing the overall grid stability.