Acoustic mapping and noise levels on the University of Panama campus during COVID-19 lockdown

This study established an unprecedented acoustic baseline on the University of Panama campus during the COVID-19 lockdown to quantify the effects of morphological shielding and proposals for the reduction of anthropogenic noise. The continuous equivalent sound pressure level (Leq) was measured at 14 strategic points. The results showed a clear variation in noise according to location, ranging from 50.2 dB(A) in the inner area to 71.0 dB(A) along the perimeter. Background noise (L90) at the center reached 45 dB(A), remaining below the WHO guideline of 55 dB(A). The Anova analysis confirmed that location was the dominant factor, explaining 68.5% of the total noise variance (η2 = 0.685). It is concluded that terrain morphology and vegetation have a significant effect on sound propagation, contributing to a quieter environment. This work provides an essential technical reference for the future management and revision of acoustic zoning regulations in educational environments.