The Art Nouveau Path: From the Park’s Bandstand to a City-Scale Outdoor Mobile Augmented Reality Game

This study examines how an outdoor mobile augmented reality game, the Art Nouveau Path, changes when a bounded park deployment is scaled to a distributed city path within the EduCITY digital teaching and learning ecosystem, prioritizing adoption and transfer rather than additional learning effect inference. Methods combined design artefact profiling of 36 tasks across eight points of interest with feasibility evidence from group session logs (N = 118) and teacher-facing datasets from validation (T1-VAL), specialists curriculum review (T1-R), and in situ observation (T2-OBS). Results show that city-path scaling reconfigures feasibility around orchestration and public-space risk, while selective AR dependency and point-of-interest modularity support robustness under mobility, interruptions, and heterogeneous urban conditions. A determinant-based synthesis identified the implementation levers most associated with enactment quality, including first use legibility, marker robustness and recovery, curriculum framing, consolidation supports, differentiation and accessibility, and safety routines. These determinants were translated into an evidence-linked transfer kit and a governance specification defining roles, prerequisites, and maintainable routines across schools and local partners. The study aims to contribute with adoption-ready specifications for scaling place-based augmented reality learning from prototypes to repeatable city-scale services.